Messier 31 in Andromeda, the Andromeda Galaxy

NGC 224, M31, the Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda, is a barred spiral galaxy.

A Cephied variable in the Andromeda Nebula (M31-V1) was identified by

Edwin Hubble on October 6, 1923 which ended the great debate in astronomy;

M31 was no longer the Andromeda Nebula, but was a galaxy much like our own.

Of course, M32 and M110 are also in the picture.

Hover over the picture for an annotated version

Date:  8 November 2021

FOV:  approximately 2° 33' × 1° 42'; the major axis of M31 is about 3°

Telescope:  Stellarvue SVX102T + SFFR.74 reducer (523mm f/5.25)

Guiding:  ZWO ASI120MM mini mono guide camera,

Stellarvue F050G 50mm guide scope

Computer:  ASIair pro Raspberry Pi

Mount:  iOptron CEM40

Camera:  ZWO ASI071MC Pro Cooled (-10°C) Color CMOS with gain 240

Pixel size:  4.78 μm

Resolution:  1.886 arcsec/pixel

Filter:  Baader Light Pollution Moonglow filter with IR cut

Stacking:  Forty-one 200 second frames using Deep Sky Stacker

Calibration frames:  20 dark and 20 flat

Total Time:  2 hours, 16 minutes, 40 seconds

Processing:  Pixinsight – SPCC, DBE, BlurXT, NoiseXT, GHS, HDRMST, Sat, and Scale

Location:  Darling Hill Observatory near Vesper, NY