• Reaction Notes from Doc O's Chemistry Class:

    • Metallic Oxides

    4 Li (s) + O2 (g) → 2 Li2O (s)
    4 Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2 Na2O (s)
    4 K (s) + O2 (g) → 2 K2O (s)

    2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2 MgO (s)
    2 Ca (s) + O2 (g) → 2 CaO (s)

    2 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 Al2O3 (s)

    Nonmetallic Oxides

    2 C (s) + O2 (g) → 2 CO (g)
    C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)

    S8 (s) + 8 O2 (g) → 8 SO2 (g)
    S8 (s) + 12 O2 (g) → 8 SO3 (g)

    2 N2 (g) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 N2O3 (g)
    2 N2 (g) + 5 O2 (g) → 2 N2O5 (g)

    Hydrous Metallic Oxides

    Li2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2 LiOH (aq)
    Na2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2 NaOH (aq)
    K2O (s) + H2O(l) → 2 KOH (aq)

    MgO (s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2 (s)
    CaO (s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (s)

    Al2O3 (s) + H2O(l) → No reaction.  (Why not?)

    Hydrous Nonmetallic Oxides

    CO (g) + H2O (g) → CO2 (g) + H2 (g)  (Not an HNmO!)
    CO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2CO3 (aq)

    SO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO3 (aq)
    SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)

    N2O3 (g) + H2O (l) → 2 HNO2 (aq)
    N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) → 2 HNO3 (aq)

    Classification I:  Common Types

    Synthesis (Addition)

    4 Fe (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 Fe2O3 (s)
    CaO(s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s)

    Decomposition

    H2CO3 (aq) → H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
    2 KClO3 (s) → 2 KCl(s) + 3 O2 (g)

    Single Replacement

    Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
    H2 (g) + CuO (s) → H2O (g) + Cu (s)

    Double Replacement (Metathesis)

    HCl (aq) + NaCN (aq) → NaCl (aq) + HCN (g)
    NaCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (s)

    Combustion

    CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
    2C2H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)

    Classification II:  Aqueous Reactions

    Acid – Base (Neutralization)

    HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
    H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
    2 HCl (aq) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
    3 H2SO4 (aq) + 2 Fe(OH)3 (s) → Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6 H2O (l)

    Redox (Oxidation – Reduction)

    2 Li (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2 LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
    Fe2O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) → 3 CO2 (g) + 2 Fe (l)
    Cu (s) + 4 HNO3 (aq) → 2 NO2 (g) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

    Precipitation

    BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → 2 NaCl (aq) + BaSO4 (s)
    Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2CrO4 (aq) → 2 NaNO3 (aq) + PbCrO4 (s)
    Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → H2O (l) + CaCO3 (s)

    Complexation

    AgCl (s) + 2 NH3 (aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]Cl (aq)
    CuCl2 (s) + 4 NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]Cl2 (aq)

    Organic Reactions:  Part I

    Addition

    CH2=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH3
    CH2=CH2 + HBr → CH3CH2Br
    CH3CH=CH2 + H2O → CH3CHOHCH3

    Polymerization

    n CH2=CHCl → [–CH2CHCl–]n

    Substitution

    CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl

    Combustion

    2 HC≡CH + 5 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)

    Organic Reactions:  Part II

    Elimination

    CH3CH3 → CH2=CH2 + H2
    CH3CH2Br → CH2=CH2 + HBr
    CH3CHOHCH3 → CH3CH=CH2 + H2O

    Esterification

    CH3OH + HOOCCH3 → CH3OOCCH3 + H2O

    Fermentation

    C6H12O6 → 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2

    Saponification

    H2[HCOOC(CH2)14CH3]3 + 3 NaOH →
              3 NaOOC(CH2)14CH3 + H2(CH2OH)3